India recently reported its first confirmed case of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Bengaluru, Karnataka. On January 6, 2025, the virus was confirmed in an eight-month-old baby at the city’s Baptist Hospital.
Before this confirmed case, Indian health authorities were closely monitoring the situation, especially in the wake of the rise in HMPV cases in China. The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had said that while there is no cause for concern, they are alert and prepared to manage any potential rise in respiratory illnesses. Preventive measures such as maintaining good hand hygiene, wearing masks in crowded places and practising respiratory etiquette were emphasised
HMPV
HMPV is a respiratory virus that typically causes common cold-like symptoms, including cough, fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, and headache. In some cases, particularly in young children, the elderly, or individuals with weakened immune systems, it can lead to more serious conditions such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets produced by coughing or sneezing, as well as through close contact with infected individuals. Currently, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment for HMPV; management focuses on alleviating symptoms.
SYMPTOMS
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. It is common in children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals, but it can infect people of all ages. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe, depending on the individual’s age, immune system, and underlying health conditions.
Common Symptoms of hMPV:
- Mild Symptoms (similar to a common cold):
- Cough
- Nasal congestion or runny nose
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Sneezing
- Moderate Symptoms (more noticeable respiratory distress):
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Hoarseness
- Severe Symptoms (can lead to complications):
- Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs)
- Pneumonia
- Severe respiratory distress
- Hypoxia (low oxygen levels)
Complications:
- High-risk groups (infants, elderly, and those with weakened immune systems or chronic respiratory conditions) are more likely to experience severe symptoms or complications, such as:
- Hospitalization due to difficulty breathing or dehydration
- Secondary bacterial infections
Incubation Period:
- Symptoms typically appear 4 to 6 days after exposure to the virus.
Similarities to Other Viruses:
- hMPV symptoms overlap with other respiratory viruses, such as RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), influenza, and COVID-19. Laboratory testing is often required to confirm the diagnosis.